Anorectal Examination

ANORECTAL EXAMINATION SUBMITTED BY: PRATEEK BAGI CONTENTS ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY The GI nerve pathway terminates in a short segment, the anal render. Its foreign coast is poorly demarcated, but generally the talk of the anal transmission channel can be secern from the surrounding perianal skin by its moist, hairless appearance. The anal furnish is normally held in a closed emplacement by action of the volunteer extraneous muscular anatomical sphincter and the involuntary sexual sphincter, the latter(prenominal) an extension of the muscular coat of the rectal wall. The direction of the anal canal on a canal roughly surrounded by anus and umbilicus should be c arfully noted. Unlike the rectum above it, the canal is liberally supplied by corporate sensory nerves, so that a poorly directed thumb or instrument depart produce pain. The rectum begins at the conclusion of the sigmoid colon about 12 cm from the anal verge .Two muscleman bundles, cognize as the internal and external anal sphincters, participate in defecation. The internal anal sphincter is an enlargement of the circular suave muscle of the colon and functions involuntarily. The external anal sphincter consists of striated muscle bands under the voluntary hold up of the puborectalis muscle.

The rectum has the same innervation as the bladder; the hypogastric nerves supply the internal anal sphincter, and the internal pudendal nerve (S3S4) operates the external anal sphincter. Because of the common innervation, dysuria is a common complaint a ssociated with rectal dis molds. Diagramati! c representation of anorectal junction An primal landmark twain anatomically and clinically is the pectinate line where the anus and rectum merge, approximately 3 to 4 cm from the skin. It serves as a demarcation for venous and lymphatic flowage and for the nerve supply. above the pectinate line, the veins drain into the portal and caval systems, sympathetic nerves are present (pain is absent),...If you penury to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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